North Carolina

3-class system

• Today an "electric assisted bicycle" is defined by 750 W and 20 mph on motor alone (G.S. 20-4.01(7a)). From Dec 1, 2026, Session Law 2026-46 adds Class 1 (pedal-assist, 20 mph), Class 2 (throttle, 20 mph) and Class 3 (pedal-assist, 28 mph). [N.C. Session Law 2026-46, §19 (eff. Dec 1, 2026)]

Age limits

• Minimum age: Not verified yet — check official source. [N.C. Session Law 2026-46, §19 (eff. Dec 1, 2026)]

Helmets

• Parents may not let anyone under 16 ride or be a passenger on a bicycle without a helmet on public roads, paths and rights-of-way. [G.S. 20-171.9]
• From Dec 1, 2026: under 18 must wear a helmet on a Class 3 (operator or passenger) (new G.S. 20-171.3(b)). Cities may require helmets for under 18 on Class 1/2. [N.C. Session Law 2026-46, §19 (eff. Dec 1, 2026)]

Where you can ride

• From Dec 1, 2026: e-bikes are allowed on all roadways, bike lanes and multiuse paths. Cities and counties may restrict classes and set speed limits on multiuse paths and sidewalks. [N.C. Session Law 2026-46, §19 (eff. Dec 1, 2026)]

License / registration / insurance

• E-bikes are excluded from "motor vehicle" and from motor-driven bicycle and moped (G.S. 20-4.01(23), (27)). [G.S. 20-4.01]

Speed & equipment

Not verified yet — check official source: North Carolina statutes (official)